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Dissolution knowledge

Overview of the Law of Substitution

Business dissolution is a legal procedure aimed at terminating the existence of a business entity as a legal person. This process not only involves ceasing business operations but also includes liquidating assets and settling debts to the State, employees, and other stakeholders. According to Article 207 of the 2020 Enterprise Law, businesses are dissolved in the following specific cases:

Cases of voluntary business dissolution

Expiration of operating period: When the operating period stated in the company's charter has expired and the members or shareholders have not decided to extend it.

According to the company's decision: The business owner or top management proactively terminates operations:

  1. For a single-member limited liability company: As decided by the company owner.
  2. For limited liability companies with two or more members, and partnerships: According to the resolution or decision of the Board of Members.
  3. For joint-stock companies: According to resolutions and decisions of the General Meeting of Shareholders.

Cases where business dissolution is mandatory

  • Missing the minimum number of members: The company no longer has the minimum number of members required by the Enterprise Law for a continuous period of 06 months without undergoing the procedure to change its business type.Hiep.

  • Recalled Business registration certificate: This is a case of compulsory dissolution due to violations of the law or by court order (except where the Law on Tax Administration provides otherwise regarding the enforcement of tax debts).

  • Other cases: In accordance with current laws or decisions from competent authorities.

Tax settlement upon dissolution

Tax settlement is a mandatory and crucial step in the dissolution process. Businesses must fulfill all tax obligations to government agencies before their dissolution can be officially approved legally.

Tax settlement process upon dissolution

To ensure your application is approved quickly, businesses should follow these steps:

  • Review and audit the accounting system: Conduct a thorough review and verification of all accounting books, invoices, and documents of the business over the years of operation to ensure accuracy and validity.

  • Submit your tax return: Prepare and submit tax return forms for each type of tax incurred (such as corporate income tax, personal income tax, VAT, etc.) up to the time of the dissolution decision.

  • Fulfilling obligations regarding invoices and supporting documents: Complete the procedures for canceling unused invoices and submit reports on invoice usage in accordance with current regulations.

  • Please confirm with the tax authorities: Work with the directly managing tax authority to obtain written confirmation that the business has fulfilled all tax obligations and has had its tax identification number closed.

Distinguishing Between Voluntary and Compulsory Dissolution

Understanding the nature of each form of dissolution helps businesses and related parties (creditors, debtors) to properly exercise their rights and obligations as stipulated in the Enterprise Law and the Bankruptcy Law.
Voluntary dissolutionCompulsory dissolution
Decisions are made by the company owner, the Board of Members, or the General Meeting of Shareholders.As decided or requested by a competent State agency.
This may stem from the owner's business strategy or because the business has reached the end of its operating period as stipulated in its Articles of Association.This is due to the business committing serious violations of the law or no longer meeting the required operating conditions.

Employee rights upon company dissolution

When a business is dissolved, employees are protected by the Labor Code and related legal documents.

Employee rights when a company is dissolved:

  • Financial settlement: Pay all outstanding salaries, allowances, and benefits in full.

  • Severance pay: Pay severance pay or unemployment benefits in accordance with regulations.

  • Insurance coverage: Finalize and settle social insurance (BHXH), health insurance (BHYT), and unemployment insurance (BHTN) benefits.

  • Other commitments: Ensure that other benefits stipulated in collective bargaining agreements and individual employment contracts are fulfilled.

Tax settlement upon dissolution

When a business undergoes dissolution, employees' rights are protected by law through the Labor Code and related regulations. The business must ensure that it fulfills all financial and legal obligations to its employees before completing the dissolution process.

Tax settlement process upon dissolution:

  • Financial settlement: Received full salary, allowances, and outstanding benefits.

  • Severance pay: They are entitled to severance pay or unemployment benefits in accordance with the law.

  • Insurance coverage: The employer will handle and complete all social insurance (BHXH), health insurance (BHYT), and unemployment insurance (BHTN) benefits.

  • Contractual commitment: They are guaranteed other benefits as committed in the collective bargaining agreement and the signed employment contract.

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